Turdus Rhomboidalis, The Tang; Turdus &c., The Yellow Fish. (1754)
Ten ways of seeing
- square 0.78 : 1
First Look
凡画山水，意在笔先。
—— 唐·王维《山水论》
In painting, the intention precedes the brush.
Nearly square: all four corners carry something. See how they are placed. Then step in close: watch where colour meets line, and whether the line ever breaks. Third, find the darkest small patch: the whole tonal order is measured from there.
Name and Thing
The binomial is Turdus rhomboidalis: the first word is the genus it belongs among, the second the epithet that sets it apart. Two words carry a whole provenance. No established Chinese name exists, so it is cited by its binomial alone.
Form and Colour
Bird plates usually choose the perched pose: one foot gripping, one loose, the flight feathers laid in first, coverts over them, then the horny gleam of bill and eye.No colour group is recorded. A single plant, laid out with nothing hidden.
Composition
Nearly square, bird and branch each holding a corner. No details are appended: a plate for looking, not for keying out. Old plates set the plant slightly off centre, with unequal margins — that small imbalance is what keeps it alive.
Line and Colour
Eighteenth-century plates are mostly copper engraving: hatched lines for shadow, then hand-colouring by another hand. Craft leaves franker evidence than inscriptions. If you mean to copy it: take its skeleton, its margins and the order of its colours; the burin's hatching is the language of copper — suggest it with pencil density, do not imitate it stroke for stroke.
Poetic Resonance
潘寿见燕王曰：“臣恐子之之如益也。
—— 《韩非子·外储说右下第三十五》
The poem gives the mood first and the picture supplies the form; set the line beside the plate and the bird itself becomes its resting point.
Symbolism
In China the crane is longevity, the magpie joy, the wild goose a letter, the eagle prowess; in the Americas each bird carries a different totem. One bird, unrelated meanings. Meanings change their tune: the same flower can say opposite things within a century.
Season and Place
Bound to migration: north in spring, south in autumn, each species answering to a few weeks. Audubon's plates often read 'adult, spring' — plumage at its height. Audubon's Birds of America (1827–1838) came from specimens he shot himself, wired into lifelike poses and drawn from life — which is why the birds look so alive, and why the method is uncomfortable. The year 1754 on the plate is that of publication, not of flowering — the gathering came a year or two earlier. The bud and the ripe fruit on one branch tell the season; the name in the title often tells the journey.
The Book and the Hand
“The natural history of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands” carries only Mark Catesby's name. From drawing to plate the sheet passed through several hands — the engraver aimed at accuracy, the colourist at speed, and between them lies each plate's unevenness.
What to Take Away
Appreciation is not knowledge but habit — one more look each time. Two centuries on, the plant may still flower in some garden; the one on this sheet stopped in the season of 1754.
![Acacia &c., Frutor [Frutex] foliis oblongis &c.; Vipera caudisona minor, The Small Rattle-Snake. (1754)](/upload/nat/the-natural-history-of-carolina-florida-and-the-bahama-islands/002-thumb.webp)
![Althea [Alcea] Floridana, The Loblolly-Bay; Avis Tricolor, The Painted Finch. (1754)](/upload/nat/the-natural-history-of-carolina-florida-and-the-bahama-islands/008-thumb.webp)