自然图鉴 公有领域博物学插画
首页 > 合集 > Gould's Hummingbirds(古尔德蜂鸟图谱) > Cyanomyia cyanicollis

Cyanomyia cyanicollis

Cyanomyia cyanicollis

Blue-necked Azure-Crown

Pl. 288, Vol. V · p.288 · 1861 · Gould's Hummingbirds · · 1849-1887

学名
Cyanomyia cyanicollis
合集
古尔德蜂鸟图谱
绘者
John Gould(约翰·古尔德)
年代
1861
图版号
Pl. 288, Vol. V
原书页码
p.288
授权
CC0 1.0 Universal (Public domain)

关于本图版

本图选自约翰·古尔德的《古尔德蜂鸟图谱》(Gould's Hummingbirds),原书 1849—1887 年间出版。画面主体为 Cyanomyia cyanicollis,在分类体系中列于蜂鸟科(Trochilidae)。

该合集全编共 421 幅图版,此图为其中之一,图版编号 Pl. 288, Vol. V,对应原书第 288 页,版式为纵幅。图为公有领域原件的修复扫描,构图与设色未经改动。

原书文字(英文 / 法文)

Peru

The range of the members of the genus Cyanomyia extends over many degrees of latitude, or from Mexico to Peru, but all are inhabitants of temperate regions, none ascending to the snow-line, or descending to the sultry plains below.

The C. quadricolor of Mexico may be regarded as the species which proceeds farthest towards the north, and the present bird (which is found in Peru) to the south. For the specimens I possess I am indebted to M. Warszewicz. How much has science been enriched by his researches, and how often have I had to speak in terms of commendation of the energy and perseverance of this celebrated traveller!

The nearest ally of the Cyanomyia cyanocollis is the C. Franciæ; but it may be readily distinguished from the latter species by the blue tint of the sides and nape of the neck, those parts partaking of the same hue as the crown.

It is most interesting to observe how wonderfully Nature has varied the specific characters of this group of birds—characters which mainly depend upon a difference in colour and markings: thus, two of the Cyanomyiæ have the nape of the neck brought prominently before our notice by the brilliant colouring of this part, and two others by the uniform whiteness of their under surface, while the C. cyanocephala at present stands alone in having a blue crown unaccompanied by the other characters. It is probable that another species, somewhat similarly coloured, will yet be discovered; indeed I already possess evidence that such will be the case, for I have a single specimen of a young male of some new species, the colouring of which, judging from analogy, tells me that, whenever the adult may be discovered, it will be allied to C. cyanocephala.

Of the Cyanomyta cyanocollis no female has yet been sent to Europe; in colouring she will doubtless resemble the female of C. Franciæ and C. cyanocephala.

Crown of the head, sides, and nape of the neck greenish blue; upper surface bronzy green; throat, centre of the abdomen, and under tail-coverts white; flanks bronzy brown; tail bronzy green, all but the two middle feathers crossed near the tip with an obscure dusky band; upper mandible and tip of the lower mandible black, the remainder of the latter fleshy white; feet dark brown.

The*figures are of the natural size. The plant is the Cantua bicolor.

References

  • Trochilus (———?) cyanocollis, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., part xxi. p. 61.
  • Uranomitra cyanicollis, Reichenb. Auf. der Col., p. 10.
  • Cyanomyia cyanicollis, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 254.

十二观

  • 纵幅 1.40∶1
  • 1861 年刊
  • 图版 288, Vol. V

这不是词条,是一条看画的次序:先站定看整体,再看名字与形色、构图与刀工,然后问它几时开、从哪里来、经了谁的手;最后是中国诗文——同一朵花,中国古人是怎么看的。十二观读完,这幅图就打开了。

  1. 第一眼

    真山水之川谷,远望之以取其势,近看之以取其质。

    —— 宋·郭熙《林泉高致·山水训》

    远看取其气势,近看取其质地。八个字,就是看画的两步:先退后看整体,再凑近看笔与色。看花鸟图版一样管用。这一幅是竖的:眼睛从下往上走,落点在中段那只鸟身上。先别急着看羽毛,让姿态先立起来。第二步凑近一寸:看线与色的交界,色有没有压住线,线有没有断。第三步,把视线放到最深的那一小块:整幅的用色秩序,都是从那里排开的。

  2. 名与实

    学名 Cyanomyia cyanicollis:前一词是属,管它归在哪一类;后一词是种加词,管它在这一类里凭什么与众不同。一百多年前的命名者,把一种植物的来历压进了两个词。此幅尚无通行中文名,姑以学名相称;在没有本地名字的地方,学名就是它唯一的身份证。

  3. 形与色

    蜂鸟为美洲最小之鸟,喙细长如针,舌分叉成管,可伸入花心吸蜜;翼小而振频极高,能悬停、能倒飞。此幅未作色相归档,只能就形制论。颜色不是平涂的:最浅处近乎纸色,最深处在花瓣重叠的缝里。把这两处找到,画面的呼吸就出来了。

  4. 构图与呼吸

    画幅高而窄,鸟栖在枝的中段,上下留白多——十九世纪鸟谱的标准版式,留给它飞走的余地。(高宽比约 1.40∶1)全幅只画一只,不作解剖附图——这类图更近于“观赏”,而非“鉴定”。试着用拇指遮住空白处——画面立刻变闷;放开,它才重新“喘上气”。留白,是给主体让出的气口。

  5. 一刀一色

    十九世纪后半叶,石版与彩色石印渐成主流:颜色可以直接印出,不再依赖手工,线条反倒退居其次。图像的“准确”提高了,手性却淡了。还有一种证据在纸背:铜版压进纸里的那道痕、上色处微微凸起的颜料、再版时磨浅的线。扫描件里也能看出七分。

  6. 时序

    热带美洲几乎全年可见,花期即其季节;温带种类的蜂鸟则随花北迁,一年往返数千公里。图上所记的 1861 年是刊行之年,不是采到那只鸟的年份;真正的观察记录通常比出版早一两年。记下这一季:物候是最好用的鉴赏工具,见过一次活的花,再看图就不会只看颜色。

  7. 故土

    仅产美洲,自阿拉斯加南部至火地岛,以安第斯山最为繁盛。中土无蜂鸟,汉籍不载,晚清海外游记始见其名。这类植物的旅程比图版本身更长:从一座山到另一座山,从一种语言换到另一种语言。

  8. 书与人

    《古尔德蜂鸟图谱》(Gould's Hummingbirds)由约翰·古尔德绘,成于1849-1887。此幅为其中图版 288, Vol. V,见原书第 288 页。一本书的“作者”常常是主编;真正决定这幅图好不好看的,是没留下名字的刻工与上色人。

  9. 诗境

    穿花蛱蝶深深见,点水蜻蜓款款飞。

    —— 唐·杜甫《曲江二首》

    中土无蜂鸟,然“穿花”之态,杜甫早已写过:贴着花心走,是采蜜者的共同姿态。诗以气行,画以形立;两种“看”叠在一起,才是看画的意思。

  10. 文心

    竖划三寸,当千仞之高;横墨数尺,体百里之迥。

    —— 南朝宋·宗炳《画山水序》

    三寸的竖线可当千仞高山,几尺横墨能容百里之远。一只蜂鸟只有拇指大,画家却要在几厘米里放下整片花丛——尺度从来不是障碍。古尔德《蜂鸟图谱》(1849—1887)以石版手工上色,金箔衬底,使羽色在纸上仍有金属光;这套图册本身就是十九世纪印刷与收藏狂热合流的产物。读古文不必求全解,先认下这一句:它把“看花”换成了“看人”,你再看这幅图,眼里就多了一层。

  11. 花语

    阿兹特克以蜂鸟为战神与太阳的化身;欧洲维多利亚时代则以蜂鸟为收藏与装饰的极致,百万只羽毛被做成胸饰。中国旧籍无此鸟,故无象征——这空白本身,就是一部博物学交流史。花语是给人与人的关系用的;植物自己只关心有没有传粉的虫。这两套语言,可以并行不悖。

  12. 带走一双眼睛

    把这三件事带走:先整体后细节;先线后色;先看画再翻书。任何一张老图版,都可以用这三条读。图谱的用意是“以备查考”,看久了却会忘记查考:1861 年的一个人,为一只鸟花了整整一天。

《古尔德蜂鸟图谱》中的其它图版